Fishing is an activity to try to catch fish. Fish are usually caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand collection, spear, net, fishing and trapping. Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. This term is not usually applied to catch a cultivated fish, or to a water mammal, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.
According to UN FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated at 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to more than 500 million people in developing countries. In 2005, worldwide per capita fish consumption captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms. In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational entertainment.
Video Fishing
Histori
Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period some 40,000 years ago. Analysis of isotopes of human skeletal remains of Tianyuan, a modern man of 40,000 years old from East Asia, has shown that he regularly consumes freshwater fish. Archaeological features such as middens shells, discarded fish bones, and cave paintings show that seafood is essential for survival and consumed in significant quantities.
Fishing in Africa, very early in human history. Neanderthals are fishing around 200,000 BC to have a source of food for the family there and trade or sell. People may have developed baskets for fish traps, and spinning and knitting early forms to make fishing nets in order to catch more fish in larger quantities for sale in the food market.
During this period, most people live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and, as a necessity, keep moving. However, where there are early examples of permanent (though not necessarily permanently occupied) settlements such as in Lepenski Vir, they are almost always associated with fishing as the main source of food.
Swigger
The English Dogger was the early type of sailing ship from the 17th century, but a modern fishing trawler was developed in the 19th century, at the British fishing port of Brixham. In the early nineteenth century, the fishermen in Brixham needed to extend their fishing grounds farther than before due to the depletion of stocks that were occurring in overlapping waters in South Devon. The evolving Brixham trawler there is a sleek building and has a high gaff rig, which gives the ship enough speed to travel long distances to the bottom of the fishing ground in the ocean. They are also powerful enough to attract large trawlers in the deep waters. The large trawler fleet built at Brixham, earned the village the title 'Mother of Deep-Sea Fisheries'.
This revolutionary design made large-scale trawlers in the sea perhaps for the first time, resulting in a massive migration of fishermen from ports in southern England, to villages in the north, such as Scarborough, Hull, Grimsby, Harwich and Yarmouth, which is the access point to the venue fishing in the Atlantic Ocean.
The small village of Grimsby grew to become the largest fishing harbor in the world in the mid-19th century. The Parliament Act was first obtained in 1796, which allowed the construction of a new dock and dredging from Haven to make it deeper. New in 1846, with remarkable expansion in the fishing industry, the Grimsby Wharf Company was formed. The foundation stone for the Royal Dock was laid by Empress Albert the Prince in 1849. This wharf covers 25 hectares (10 acres) and was officially opened by Queen Victoria in 1854 as the first modern fishing port.
Brixham's elegant seine trawlers are scattered all over the world, affecting fishing fleets everywhere. By the end of the 19th century, there were over 3,000 fishing trawlers on a commission in England, with nearly 1,000 in Grimsby. This trawling vessel is sold to fishermen across Europe, including from the Netherlands and Scandinavia. Twelve trawlers continue to form the core of the German fishing fleet.
The earliest steam-powered fishing vessels first appeared in the 1870s and used a trawling fishing system and floating lines and nets. This is a large boat, typically 80-90 feet (24-27 m) long with a beam of about 20 feet (6.1 m). They weigh 40-50 tons and travel on 9-11 knots (17-20 km/h; 10-13 mph). The earliest fishing boat was designed and manufactured by David Allan in Leith, Scotland in March 1875, when he converted the drifter into steam power. In 1877, he built the first screw that drives the steamers in the world.
Steam trawlers were introduced in Grimsby and Hull in the 1880s. In 1890, there were an estimated 20,000 people in the North Sea. Steam drifter was not used in the herring fishery until 1897. The last sailing fishing vessel was built in 1925 in Grimsby. The trawl design was adapted because of the way they were empowered to change from sailing to coal-fired steam by World War I to diesel and turbines at the end of World War II.
In 1931, the first powered drums were invented by Laurie Jarelainen. The drum is a circular device that is set to the side of the boat and will pull the nets. Since World War II, radio navigation aids and fish seekers have been widely used. The first trawl is fishing on the side, instead of above the stern. The first goal of building a hard trawler is the Fairtry built in 1953 in Aberdeen, Scotland. The ship was much bigger than the other trawlers which then operated and inaugurated the era of 'super trawler'. As the ship pulled its net over the stern, it could lift a much larger distance to 60 tons. This ship serves as the basis for the expansion of 'super sailing ship' around the world in the next few decades.
Fishing recreation
The initial evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear. For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fishing in Japan; however, fly fishing tends to be a means of survival, not recreation. The earliest English essay on recreational fishing was published in 1496, by Dame Juliana Berners, the prioress of the Soped Benedictine nuns. The essay is titled Treaty of Fysshynge wyth an Angle , and includes detailed information on fishing waters, rod and line construction, and the use of natural baits and artificial flies.
Recreational fishing took a big leap forward after the British Civil War, where renewed interest in the activity left a mark on many books and treatises written on the subject at the time. Complete Angler was written by Izaak Walton in 1653 (though Walton continued to add it for a quarter of a century) and described the fishing in Derbyshire Wye. It is a celebration of art and the spirit of fishing in the form of prose and poetry. The second part of the book was added by Walton's friend, Charles Cotton.
Charles Kirby designed an improved fishing hook in 1655 that is relatively unchanged to this day. He went on to create a Kirby twist, a typical hook with an offset point, still commonly used today.
The 18th century is primarily an era of consolidated techniques developed in the previous century. Running rings begin to appear along the line, which gives the anglers greater control over the plaster line. The wand itself is also becoming increasingly sophisticated and specialized for different roles. Joint trunks became common from mid-century and bamboo was used for the top of the stem, giving it much greater strength and flexibility.
The industry has also become commercialized - rods and tackles sold in men's clothing stores. After the Great Fire of London in 1666, craftsmen moved to Redditch which became the center of production of fishery-related products from the 1730s. Onesimus Ustonson founded his trading shop in 1761, and his founding remained as the market leader for the next century. He received the Kingdom Order and became the official supplier of fishing for three successive kings that began with King George IV during this period. He also created winch multiplication. Industrial commercialization comes at a time when an expanded interest in fishing as a recreational hobby for aristocratic members.
The impact of the Industrial Revolution was first felt in the manufacture of the flying path. Instead of anglers turning their own paths - a tiring and time-consuming process - new textile spinning machines allow a wide variety of tapered to be easily made and marketed.
Fly-fishing Britain continued to flourish in the 19th century, with the advent of fishing clubs, along with the emergence of several books on flying and fishing techniques.
In the mid to late 19th century, expanding recreational opportunities for the middle and lower classes began to have an effect on fly fishing, which continues to grow in mass appeal. The expansion of the rail network in the UK allows the less affluent people for the first time to travel on weekends to the beach or to the river for fishing. Richer fans traveled further abroad. The great rivers of Norway full of large salmon stocks began to attract large numbers of British fishermen in the middle of this century - The Jones Guide to Norway, and the salmon-fisher fisherman , published in 1848, written by Frederic Tolfrey and is a popular guide for the country.
Modern roll designs had begun in England during the later part of the 18th century, and the dominant model used was known as the 'Nottingham reel'. The roll is a wide drum thrown freely, and is ideal for allowing bait to float along the exit with current. The embedded double scrolls were never captured in England, but more successful in the United States, where a similar model was modified by George Snyder of Kentucky into the bait-casting reel, the first American-made design in 1810.
The material used for the rod itself changed from the original heavy wood to the UK, becoming lighter and more elastic varieties imported from abroad, mainly from South America and the West Indies. Bamboo sticks became the preferred choice from the mid-19th century, and some strips of material were cut from sticks, milled into shapes, and then glued to form light, strong, hexagonal rods with a solid core that was superior to anything. which precedes them. George Cotton and his predecessors lure their flies with long stems, and the light lines allow the wind to do most of the work of getting flies into the fish.
Tackle design began to improve from the 1880s. The introduction of new wood for the manufacture of flying rods makes it possible to throw flies into the wind on silk lines, not horse hair. These lines allow for a much larger casting distance. However, this initial fly line proved troublesome because it had to be coated with various bandages to make it float and had to be removed from the reels and dried every four hours or so to prevent it from getting soaking wet. Another negative consequence is that it becomes easier for longer lines to get into the tangle - this is called 'tangle' in Britain, and 'counterattack' in the US. This problem spurred the regulator's discovery to evenly roll out the outline and prevent tangles.
America, Charles F. Orvis, designed and distributed the new roll and fly designs in 1874, described by the Jim Brown reel historian as "the benchmark of American roll design," and the first fully modern flying reel.
Albert Illingworth, 1st Baron Illingworth, a textile king, patented the modern form of spinning spool fixed reel in 1905. When casting the design of Illingworth's scrolls, the line was pulled from the leading edge of the coil, but was retained and pulled back by a pickup line, a device that orbits around stationary spool. Because the line does not have to hold the spinning reel, many lighter feeds can be thrown than with conventional rolls.
The development of cheap fiberglass rods, synthetic flying lines, and monofilament leaders in the early 1950s, which revived the popularity of fly fishing.
Maps Fishing
Technique
There are many fishing techniques and tactics to catch fish. The term can also be applied to methods for catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs (shellfish, squid, octopus) and edible sea invertebrates.
Fishing techniques include hand collection, spearfishing, fishing, fishing and trapping. The recreational, commercial and artisanal fishermen use different techniques, and also, sometimes, the same technique. Fishers recreate fish for fun, sports, or to provide food for themselves, while commercial fishermen seek profit. Artisanal fisheries use traditional low-tech methods, to survive in third world countries, and as a cultural heritage in other countries. Typically, recreational fishermen use fishing methods and commercial fishermen using the net method.
Why fish bite hooks or bait feeds involves a number of factors related to sensory physiology, behavior, eating ecology, and fish biology as well as the environment and feed/hook/lure characteristics. There is a complex relationship between various fishing techniques and knowledge of fish and their behavior including migration, foraging and habitat. The use of effective fishing techniques often depends on this additional knowledge. Some fishermen follow the folklore of fishermen who claim that the fish diet is influenced by the position of the sun and the moon.
Tackle
Fishing is a generic term that refers to the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.
Almost all equipment or equipment used for fishing can be called fishing. Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.
The tackle attached to the fishing end is called terminal tackle . These include hooks, sinkers, floats, leaders, swivels, split rings and wires, studs, beads, spoons, knives, spinners and clevises to install spinning knives for fishing bait. People also tend to use dead or live fish as another form of bait.
Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment used during fishing, while the fishing technique refers to the way tackle is used when fishing.
Fishing vessel
Fishing vessels are boats or boats used to catch fish in the sea, or in lakes or rivers. Many different types of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.
According to FAO, in 2004 there were four million commercial fishing vessels. About 1.3 million of these are deck boats with enclosed areas. Almost all of these ships are mechanized, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons. At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) unnoticed boats are traditional crafts of various types, supported only by screens and oars. These boats are used by artisan craftsmen.
It is difficult to estimate how many recreational fishing boats, although the numbers are high. The term is fluid, as most recreational boats are also used for fishing from time to time. Unlike other commercial fishing vessels, recreational fishing boats are often not just for fishing. Anything that will survive can be called a recreational fishing boat, provided that a fisherman boarded the ship periodically in order to catch fish. Fish captured for recreational purposes from boats that range from canoe boats, kayaks, rafts, pontoon boats and small dinghies to runabouts, cabin cruisers and yachts cruising to big, hi-tech and fancy big game rigs. Larger boats, built specifically with recreational fishing in mind, usually have a large open cockpit at the stern, designed for comfortable fishing.
Traditional fishing
Traditional fishing is any form of small scale, commercial fishing practices or subsistence using traditional techniques such as rods and fishing rods, arrows and spears, nets and nets, etc.
Fishing recreation
Recreation and sport fishing is fishing especially for fun or competition. Recreational fishing has conventions, rules, licensing restrictions and laws that limit how to catch fish; typically, it prohibits the use of nets and fishing with hooks not in the mouth. The most common form of recreational fishing is done with rods, reels, lines, hooks and one of a variety of baits or baits like artificial flies. The practice of catching or trying to catch fish with a hook is commonly known as fishing. In fishing, it is sometimes expected or required for the fish to be returned to the water (catch and release). Recreational or sports fishermen can record their catch or participate in a fishing competition.
Big fishing-fishing is fishing from boats to catch large open water species like tuna, shark, and marlin. Fishing (sometimes fishing) is fishing recreation where the main prize is a challenge to find and catch fish rather than the culinary or financial value of fish meat. Searched fish include tarpon, sailfish, mackerel and many others.
Fishing industry
The fishing industry covers any industry or activity related to the collection, cultivation, processing, maintenance, storage, transportation, marketing or sale of fish or fish products. It is defined by FAO as including recreational, commercial and fishery subsystems, and harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. Commercial activities are intended for the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or for use as raw materials in other industrial processes.
There are three main industry sectors:
- The commercial sector consists of firms and individuals associated with wild or aquaculture resources and transformations from those resources into products for sale. This is also called the "seafood industry", although non-food items such as pearls are among the products.
- The traditional sector consists of firms and individuals related to fishery resources from which Aboriginal people obtain products in accordance with their traditions.
- The recreation sector comprises related companies and individuals for recreational, sporting or sustenance purposes with the fishery resources from which the products originate are not for sale.
Commercial fishing
Commercial fishing is commercial fishing. Those who practice it should often chase fish far from land in bad conditions. Commercial fishing harvests almost all aquatic species, ranging from tuna, cod and salmon to shrimp, krill, lobster, shellfish, squid and crab, in various fisheries to this species. Commercial fishing methods have become very efficient by using large nets and marine processing plants. Individual fishing quotas and international agreements seek to control species and quantities caught.
A commercial fishing company can vary from one person to a small boat with a hand net or some pot trap, to a large fleet of trawlers that process many fish every day.
Commercial fishing gear includes weights, nets (eg purse seine), trawl nets (eg seine trawl), trawls (eg bottom trawl), dredges, hooks and lines (eg long lines and handlines), lift nets, gill nets, trap.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the total world capture fisheries production in 2000 was 86 million tonnes (FAO 2002). The top producing countries are, in order, the People's Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan), Peru, Japan, the United States, Chile, Indonesia, Russia, India, Thailand, Norway and Iceland. These countries account for more than half of world production; China alone accounts for a third of world production. Of that production, more than 90% are marine and less than 10% are land.
A small number of species support the majority of the world's fisheries. Some of these species are herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder fish, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oysters and shellfish. All but four of the latter provided worldwide worldwide capture of over one million tons in 1999, with herrings and sardines together providing a catch of more than 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species were also captured in smaller quantities.
Fish farm
Aquaculture is the main form of cultivation, while other methods may fall under marine aquaculture. This involves keeping fish commercially in a tank or cage, usually for food. A facility that releases teenage fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement the natural number of a species commonly referred to as a fish hatchery. Fish species raised by fish farms including salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and trout.
Increased demand for illegal fisheries by commercial fishing has led to overfishing. Aquaculture offers an alternative solution for increasing market demand for fish and fish protein.
Fish products
Fish and fish products are consumed as food around the world. With other seafood, it provides the highest source of high quality protein in the world: 14-16 percent of animal protein consumed worldwide. More than a billion people rely on fish as their primary source of animal protein.
Fish and other aquatic organisms are also processed into various food and non-food products, such as shark skin, pigments made from secretions of squid, isinglass used for clarification of wine and beer, fish emulsions used as fertilizer, fish glue, oil fish and fish meal.
Fish are also collected directly for research or trade in aquariums.
Fish marketing
Fisheries Management
Fisheries management refers to the science of fisheries to find ways to protect fishery resources so that sustainable exploitation is possible. Modern fisheries management is often referred to as a governance system (which is expected to be appropriate) management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management tools to apply the rules imposed by monitoring and control systems.
Fisheries science is an academic discipline to manage and understand fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which refers to oceanographic disciplines, marine biology, marine conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics and management in an effort to provide an integrated picture of fisheries. In some cases new disciplines have emerged, such as bioeconomics.
Sustainability
Issues involved in long-term sustainability of fishing include overfishing, by-catch, marine pollution, environmental impacts of fishing, climate change and fish farming.
Conservation issues are part of marine conservation, and discussed in fisheries science courses. There is a growing gap between how many fish are available to catch and human desire to catch it, a problem that gets worse as the world's population grows.
Similar to other environmental issues, there can be conflicts between fishery-dependent fishermen for their livelihoods and fisheries scientists who recognize that if future fish populations are sustainable then some fisheries should restrict fishing or stop activities.
Animal welfare issue
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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