The Wieliczka Salt Mine (Polish: Kopelnia soli Wieliczka ), located in the town of Wieliczka in southern Poland, is located in within the metropolitan area of ​​KrakÃÆ'.w. Opened in the 13th century, the mine produces table salt continuously through 2007, as one of the world's oldest salt mines in operation. Along the way, the royal quarry is run by the upy krakowskie salt mining company.
Commercial mining was discontinued in 1996, as salt prices dropped and also flooded. The mine is currently one of Poland's official national historical monuments ( Pomniki historii ), which has attractions including dozens of statues and four chapels carved out of rock salts by miners, as well as additional carvings made by contemporary artists.
Video Wieliczka Salt Mine
History
Wieliczka salt mine reaches a depth of 327 meters and a length of more than 287 kilometers (178 miles). Rock salts are naturally gray in various colors, resembling rough granite rather than the white or crystalline look that many visitors expect. In the 13th century, rock salt was found in Wieliczka and the first axis was excavated. Construction of Saltworks Castle in Wieliczka (central building - "The House in the Saltworks") - the headquarters of the mine boards from medieval times until 1945. The Saltworks Castle was built in the late 13th century until the beginning of the 14th century. Wieliczka is now the site of the KrakÆ'³³ Saltworks Museum. Many axes are dug all the time the mine operates. Different technologies were added such as Hungarian type horse treadmills and Saxon treadmills to transport salt onto the surface. During World War II, the axis was used by the Germans who occupied as an ad hoc facility for various war-related industries. This mine has an underground lake; and new exhibits on the history of salt mining, as well as a 3.5km (2.2 mi) travel route (less than 2% of the length of the mine aisle) which includes historic statues and mystical figures carved out of stone salt in the future then far away. More recent sculptures have been created by contemporary artists.
The Wieliczka Mine is often referred to as the "Polish Underground Salt Cathedral". In 1978 it was placed on the list of original UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Even crystals of chandeliers are made of rock salt that has been dissolved and reshaped to achieve a clear appearance like glass. It is also a rehabilitation and personal health complex.
There is a legend about Princess Kinga, associated with the Wieliczka mine. The Hungarian princess will marry Boles? Aw V the Chaste, Prince KrakÃÆ'³w. As part of her dowry, she asked her father, BÃÆ'Ã… © IV of Hungary, for a lump of salt, because the salt was superior in Poland. His father King BÃÆ' Â © He took him to a salt mine in MÃÆ'¡ramaros. She tossed her engagement ring from Boles? Aw in one of the holes before leaving for Poland. On arriving at Kraków, he asked the miners to dig a deep hole until they found a rock. People find a lump of salt there and when they divide it in two, find the princess's ring. Kinga has been the patron saint of salt miners in and around the Polish capital.
During the Nazi occupation, several thousand Jews were transported from the forced labor camps in Plaszow and Mielec to the Wieliczka mine to work in an underground arms factory established by Germany. However, manufacturing never began because the Soviet invasion was imminent. Some machines and equipment were dismantled, including an electric lifting machine from the Regis Shaft, and transported to Liebenau in the Sudetes mountain range. Parts of the equipment were returned after the war, in the fall of 1945. The Jews were transported to factories in the Czech Republic and Austria.
The mine is one of Poland's official national historical monuments ( Pomniki historii ), as set out in the first round, September 16, 1994. The list is managed by the National Heritage Board of Poland. In 2010, it was successfully proposed that the nearby historical Bochnia Salt Mine (the oldest salt mine in Poland) was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list. The twin salt mines now appear together in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as "Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines". In 2013, the UNESCO World Heritage Site was expanded with the addition of "Upny Palace".
Maps Wieliczka Salt Mine
Tourism
The mine is currently one of Poland's official national historical monuments ( Pomniki historii ), which has attractions including dozens of statues and four chapels carved out of rock salts by miners. The older sculptures have been fitted with new carvings made by contemporary artists. Approximately 1.2 million people visit the Wieliczka Salt Mine every year.
Famous visitors to this site have included Nicolaus Copernicus, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, Fryderyk Chopin, Dmitri Mendeleyev, Boles? Aw Prus, Ignacy Paderewski, Robert Baden-Powell, Jacob Bronowski (who filmed the segment of The Ascent of Man at the mine), the von Unrug family (a leading Polish-German royal family), Karol Wojty? a (later, Pope John Paul II), former US President Bill Clinton, and many others.
There is a chapel, and a reception room used for private events, including weddings. A room has a wall carved by miners to resemble wood, like in wooden churches built in the early centuries. The wooden staircase provides access to a level of 64 meters (210 feet) of mine. The 3km (1.9 miles) tour has corridors, chapels, statues and an underground lake, 135 meters (443 feet) underground. The elevator (lift) returns visitors to the surface; The elevator holds 36 people (nine per car) and takes about 30 seconds to travel.
In Culture
The earliest writings on Wieliczka Salt Mine include descriptions by Adam SchrÃÆ'¶ter: Salt Vieliciensium incunda and correct description. Carmine Elegiaco... (1553); Edition added: Polonia salt Vieliciensium description. Carmine Elegiaco... (1564).
Polish journalist and novelist Boles? Aw Prus described his visit in 1878 to a salt mine in a series of remarkable articles, " Kartki z podrÃÆ'³? Y (Wieliczka) " ["Travel Record (Wieliczka)"], in Kurier Warszawski (The Warsaw Courier), 1878, no. 36-38.
The great scholar Prus Zygmunt Szweykowski writes: "The power of the Labyrinth scene [in Prus' 1895 historical novel, Pharaoh ] derives, among other things, from the fact that they echo Prus's own experience when visiting Wieliczka."
Wieliczka Salt Mine did indeed help inspire Pharaoh . Prus combines his strong impression of a salt mine with the description of the ancient Egyptian Labyrinth, in Book II of Herodotus' Histories , to produce the extraordinary scene found in chapters 56 and 63 of his novel.
In 1995, Preisner's Music, a compilation of film music by Polish composer Zbigniew Preisner, was recorded by Sinfonia Varsovia at the Wieliczka mine chapel. Chapel is often said to have the best acoustics in Europe.
In the Australian television series, Spellbinder: Land of the Dragon Lord, mines are used as Moloch Land.
Virtual tour
Sister caves
- Caves Frasassi (Genga - Marche, Italy)
See also
- Pharaoh : Wieliczka Salt Mine inspired scene in a historical novel by Boles? aw Prus
- Bochnia Salt Mine, in southern Poland
- Che? m Chalk Tunnels, in Poland
- K? odawa Salt Mine, in central Poland
- Zipaquira Salt Cathedral, Colombia
- Caves Frasassi, Italy
- Grand Roc, France
- Kartchner Caverns State Park, United States
Note
References
- Jerzy Grzesiowski, Wieliczka: kopalnia, muzeum, zamek (Wieliczka: Mine, Museum, Castle), second edition, updated and added, Warsaw, Sport i Turystyka, 1987, ISBN 83 -217-2637-2.
- Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' Pharaoh and Wieliczka Salt Mine," The Polish Review , 1997, no. 3, p. 349-55.
- Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' Pharaoh : The Creation of a History Novel", The Polish Review , vol. XXXIX, no. 1, 1994, pp.Ã, 45-50.
- Boles? aw Prus, Wczoraj-dzi? -jutro: wybÃÆ'³r felietonÃÆ'³w (Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow: Selection of Newspaper Columns, selected, edited, and with the introduction and notes, by Zygmunt Szweykowski), Warsaw, Pa? Stwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1973, pp.Ã, 34-49.
- Zygmunt Szweykowski, TwÃÆ'³rczo ?? Boles? Awa Prusa (The Works of Boles Aw Prus), second edition, Warsaw, Pa? Stwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1972.
- Marek? ukow-Karczewski, Pi? knem urzeczeni (trzy zapomniane relacje)/Fascinated by beauty (three forgotten relationships) , "Aura" - Monthly for the Protection and Establishment of the Human Environment, no. 1, 1998, p. 17-19.
External links
- Wieliczka Salt Mine - Official Website
- Wieliczka Salt Earth/
- My video tour
- Cracow Salt-Works Museum in Wieliczka (my plan)
- Wieliczka Salt Mine near KrakÃÆ'³w in Poland
- Wieliczka Salt Mine Tour
- Air Pollution Intrusion to the Wieliczka Salt Mine
- "A 200 Ton Weighing Salt" fell from the roof of Wieliczka's room in 1916; Popular Science every month, Feb 1916, page 179. Scanned by Google Books.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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