Rhinorrhea or rinorea is a condition in which the nasal cavity is filled with large amounts of mucous fluid. This condition, commonly known as colds , occurs relatively frequently. Rhinorrhea is a common allergy symptom (hay fever) or a specific disease, such as the common cold. This could be a side effect of crying, exposure to cold temperatures, abuse or withdrawal of cocaine, such as from opioids like methadone. Treatment for rhinorrhea is not usually necessary, but there are a number of available medical treatments and prevention techniques.
The term was coined in 1866 and is a combination of the Greek terms rhino - ("nose") and -rhoia ("discharge" or "flow").
Video Rhinorrhea
Signs and symptoms
Rhinore is characterized by the amount of excess mucus produced by the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity. Membranes make mucus faster than can be processed, causing mucus reserves in the nasal cavity. When the cavity is filled, it closes the airway, causing trouble breathing through the nose. The air caught in the nasal cavity, the sinus cavity, can not be released and the resulting pressure can cause headache or face. If the sinus ducts are still blocked, there is the possibility of sinusitis may occur. If the mucus returns through the Eustachian tube, it can cause earache or ear infections. Excessive mucus that accumulates in the throat or behind the nose can cause post-nose droplets, resulting in a sore throat or cough. Additional symptoms include sneezing, nosebleeds, and nasal discharge.
Maps Rhinorrhea
Cause
Cold temperature
Rhinorrhea is very common during certain winter and low temperature seasons. Rhinorrhea caused by cold occurs due to a combination of thermodynamics and the body's natural reaction to cold weather stimuli. One of the goals of nasal mucus is to warm the inhaled air to body temperature as it enters the body. In order for this to happen, the nasal cavity should always be coated with liquid mucus. During the cold, dry season, the mucus that lines the nasal passage tends to dry out, which means the mucous membranes must work harder, producing more mucus to keep the cavity lined up. As a result, the nasal cavity can be full of mucus. At the same time, when the air is exhaled, water vapor in exhaling as warm air fills the cold outside temperatures near the nostrils. This causes an excess amount of water to build up inside the nasal cavity. In this case, excess fluid usually comes out externally through the nostrils.
Infection
Rhinore can be a symptom of another illness, such as the common cold or influenza. During this infection, the mucous membranes of the nose produce excessive mucus, filling the nasal cavity. This is to prevent infection from spreading to the lungs and respiratory tract, where it can cause far worse damage. It has also been suggested that rhinorrhea is the result of viral evolution, and may be a useless response for the host, but which has evolved by the virus to maximize its own infectivity. Rhinorrhea caused by this infection usually occurs in circadian rhythms. During viral infections, sinusitis (inflammation of the nasal tissue) may occur, causing the mucous membrane to release more mucus. Acute sinusitis consists of a swollen part of the nose during viral infection. Chronic sinusitis occurs when one or more nasal polyps appear. This can be caused by a distorted septum as well as a viral infection.
Allergic
Rhinore can also occur when individuals with allergies to certain substances, such as pollen, dust, latex, soy, shellfish, or animal fur, are exposed to this allergen. In people with susceptible immune systems, inhalation of one of these substances triggers the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which bind mast cells and basophils. IgE bound to mast cells is stimulated by pollen and dust, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine. In turn, this causes, inter alia, inflammation and tissue swelling of the nasal cavity as well as increased mucus production. Particulate matter in contaminated air and chemicals such as chlorine and detergent, which are usually tolerable, can make the condition worse.
Lacrimation
Rhinore is also associated with shedding tears, either from an emotional event or from eye irritation. When excess tears are produced, fluid flows through the inner corner of the eyelid, through the nasolacrimal ducts, and into the nasal cavity. As more water drips, more fluid flows into the nasal cavity, both stimulating the production of mucus and hydrating the dry mucus already present in the nasal cavity. Fluid buildup is usually solved by expulsion of mucus through the nostrils.
Head trauma
If it is caused by a head injury, rinore can be a much more serious condition. Basilar skull fractures can lead to rupture of the barrier between the sinonasal cavity and the anterior cranial fossa or the central cranial fossa. This breakage can cause the nasal cavity to fill with cerebrospinal fluid. This condition, known as rhinorrhoea cerebrospinal fluid or rhinorrhea CSF, can cause a number of serious complications and possibly death if not treated properly.
Other causes
Rhinore may occur as a symptom of withdrawal of opioids accompanied by lacrimation. Other causes include cystic fibrosis, whooping cough, nasal tumors, hormonal changes, and cluster headaches. Due to changes in clinical practice, Rhinorrhea is now reported as a frequent side effect of oxygen-intubation during a colonoscopy procedure [Simple, innovative way to reduce rhinitis symptoms after sedation during endoscopy "by Nai-Liang Li et al., Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2011, Feb, volume 25 (2): pages 68-72.] Rhinorrhea can also be a side effect of some genetic disorders, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Treatment
In most cases treatment for rhinorrhea is not necessary as it will go away by itself - especially if it is a symptom of infection. For the general case of blowing your nose you can get rid of mucus buildup. Although gusts can be a quick solution, it is likely to breed mucosal production in the sinuses, causing frequent and higher mucus buildup in the nose. Alternatively, saline nasal sprays and vasoconstrictor nasal sprays may also be used, but may become counterproductive after a few days of use, leading to medicamentous rhinitis.
In recurrent cases, such as those caused by allergies, there are medical treatments available. For cases caused by histamine buildup, some types of antihistamines can be obtained relatively cheaply from drug stores.
People who prefer to keep clear nasal passages, such as singers, who need clear nasal passages to perform, can use a technique called "nasal irrigation" to prevent rhinorrhea. Nasal irrigation involves rinsing the nasal cavities regularly with salt water or stores buying salt solution.
References
External links
- Runny Nose: A Guide for Parents in the Wayback Machine (archived February 25, 2012) from the Pennsylvania Medical Society
- Overcoming colds and flu (NHS Direct)
- How to Clean Your Nose
- How to Wipe Your Nose in Your Hands
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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