Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX , ICAO: KLAX , FAA LID: LAX ) is the main international airport serving Los Angeles, California. The airport is most commonly called the IATA (and FAA LID) LAX airport code, with individually spoken letters.
LAX is located south of Westchester district in Los Angeles City, California, 18 miles (30 km) southwest of Los Angeles City Center, between Westchester district to its nearest north, El Segundo town to its immediate south and Inglewood town in the east. Owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports, a Los Angeles government agency, formerly known as the Airport Department. Covering 3,500 acres (1,416 ha) of land, LAX is also famous for its four parallel runways.
By 2017, the LAX handles 84,557,968 passengers, making it the fourth busiest airport in the world with passenger traffic, and the second busiest nation overall after Hartsfield-Jackson in Atlanta. The airport has the world's busiest destination and destination airport (O & amp; D) destination, as relative to other airports, more travelers start or end their trip in Los Angeles than use it as a connection. It is also the only airport ranked among the top five US airports for passenger and cargo traffic.
LAX serves as a hub/focus city for more passenger airlines than any other airport in the country and is the only airport of all three U.S. carriers. (America, Delta, and England) have been designated as hubs. The airport also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines and serves as a focal city for Allegiant Air, Air New Zealand, Qantas, Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines and Volaris. While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, other airports, including Burbank Hollywood Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, and Ontario International Airport, also serve the area.
As the largest and busiest international airport in the US West Coast, LAX is not only a major international gateway to the United States but also serves a major point for international liaison passengers. With deep connections to Asia and Latin America in particular, LAX is considered the main gateway to the Pacific Rim.
Video Los Angeles International Airport
History
In 1928, the Los Angeles City Council selected 640 acres (1.00 m², 260 ha) in the south of Westchester for the new airport. Wheat fields, barley, and peanuts are converted into land landing strips without any terminal building. It was named Field Mine for William W. Mines, the real estate agent who arranged the deal. The first structure, Hangar No. 1, was founded in 1929 and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Field Mine opened as a Los Angeles airport in 1930 and the city was bought into a municipal airport in 1937. The name became Los Angeles Airport in 1941 and Los Angeles International Airport in 1949. In the 1930s major airport airports were Burbank Airport. (Later known as Union Air Terminal, and then Lockheed) in Burbank and Grand Central Airport in Glendale. (In 1940, all airlines were in Burbank except for three Mexicana departures a week from Glendale; by the end of 1946 most airline airlines had moved to LAX, but Burbank always maintained some.)
Field Mine does not extend west of Sepulveda Boulevard; Sepulveda was overhauled around 1950 to round the western end of the expanded east-west base (now runway 25L and 25R), which in November 1950 had a length of 6,000 feet (1,800 m). A tunnel was completed in 1953 allowing Sepulveda Boulevard to return straight and pass under two runways; it's the first tunnel of its kind. For the next few years, two runways are 8,500 feet (2,600 m) long.
The "X" in LAX
Prior to the 1930s, the existing airport used two-letter abbreviations based on the weather station at the airport. At that time, "LA" serves as a designation for Los Angeles Airport. But with the rapid growth in the aviation industry, the title was expanded to three letters c. 1947, and "LA" to "LAX." The "X" has no special meaning in this identifier (like X in DXB-Dubai). "LAX" is also used for Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro and by Amtrak for Union Station in downtown Los Angeles.
Maps Los Angeles International Airport
Spotting plane
The "Imperial Hill" area (also known as Clutter's Park) at El Segundo is the prime location for spotting the plane, especially for take-off. Other popular spotting locations are under the last approach to 24 L & amps runways. R in the courtyard next to Westchester In-N-Out Burger on Sepulveda Boulevard. This is one of the few remaining locations in Southern California from which the claimants can watch a wide range of low flying commercial aircraft from directly under the flight path.
Shuttle Shuttle Endeavor
At 12:50 PM on Friday, September 21, 2012, the Space Shuttle Shuttle carrying Space Space Endeavor landed at LAX on the 25L runway. An estimated 10,000 people saw the shuttle land. Interstate 105 is supported for miles and miles. Imperial Highway is closed for the audience. It was quickly picked up from Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a modified Boeing 747, and transferred to United Airlines hangars. The shuttle spent about a month in the hangar while it was ready to be transported to the California Science Center.
Themes Creation
The typical white googie "Theme Building", designed by Pereira & amp; The architect of Luckman Paul Williams and built in 1961 by Robert E. McKee Construction Co., resembles a flying saucer that has landed on four legs. A restaurant with a view of the airport stretches beneath the two arches that make up the foot. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building of the Los Angeles Culture-Historic Monument in 1992. A $ 4 million renovation, with retro-futuristic interior lighting and lighting designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, was completed before "Encounter Restaurant" opened there in 1997 Visitors can ride the elevator to the roof of the "Theme House", which closed after the September 11, 2001 attacks for security reasons and reopened to the public on the weekend that began on July 10, 2010. In addition, the warning for Victims of the 9/11 attacks lies in the field , because three of the four hijacked planes were originally destined for LAX.
Runways
24R/06L and 24L/06R (designated as North Airfield Complex) are north of the airport terminal, and 25R/07L and 25L/07R (designated South Airfield Complex) are located south of the airport terminal.
Since 1972, Los Angeles World Airports has adopted the "Preferential Runway Use Policy" to minimize noise. During the day (0630 to 0000), the normal air traffic pattern is a "Western Operation" plan, named after prevailing western winds. Under "Western Operation", the plane set off to take off to the west, and arrives approach the plane from the east. To reduce noise from aircraft arriving during the night hours (0000 to 0630), the air traffic pattern becomes "Operation Oceans Passed". Under "Over-Ocean", the departing plane continued to take off to the west, but a plane approach came from the west unless it was necessary to approach the east because of the reduced visibility or the east wind. As the name implies, "Easter Operation" is used when prevailing winds have shifted to come from the east, usually during bad weather and Santa Ana conditions. Under "Easter Operation", the plane set off to take off to the east, and arrives approach the plane from the west.
The "inboard" runways (06R/24L and 07L/25R, closest to the central terminal area) are preferred for departure, and runway "outboard" is preferred for arrival. During noise-sensitive hours (2200 to 0700) and "Operation Above the Ocean", the "inboard airplane" is used privileged, with arrivals switching primarily to 06R/24L and departure from 07L/25R. Historically, over 90% of flights have used "in-plane" departures and "outboard" arrival schemes.
The South Airfield Complex tends to see more operations than the North, due to the greater number of passenger gates and air cargo operations. Runway at the North Airfield Complex is separated by 700 feet (210 m). Plans have been proposed and approved to increase the separation by 260 feet (79 m), which will allow a central taxiway between runways, despite opposition from residents living in northern LAX. The separation between two runways at South Airfield Complex has increased 55 feet (17 m) to accommodate a central taxiway.
Terminal
Overview
LAX has nine passenger terminals with 128 gates arranged in the form of U or horseshoe. The terminal is served by a shuttle bus. The Tom Bradley International Terminals and Terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are all connected via an overhead line between Terminal 4 and Tom Bradley International Terminals, an underground tunnel between Terminals 4, 5 and 6 and above ground pedestrian paths between Terminals 6, 7 and 8. An additional air edge shuttle bus operates between Terminal 4, 6 and American Eagle long distance terminals, as well as between Terminals 2, 3 and Tom Bradley International Terminals. There is no physical air connection between the other terminals. In addition to these terminals, there are 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m 2 ) cargo facilities at LAX, and a heliport operated by Bravo Aviation.
The airline is located at the following terminal:
- Terminal 1 (Gate 9, 10, 11A-11B, 12A-12B, 13-15, 16A, and 17A-17B): Southwest. Southwest uses Terminal 1 for international check-in passengers.
- Terminal 2 (Gates 21-21B, 22-22A, 23-23A, 24-24A, and 25-28): Delta and Delta Connection together with Aer Lingus, Aeromà © xico, Virgin Atlantic, and WestJet. Virgin Australia and Volaris also use Terminal 2 for check-in passengers. Xiamen Airlines uses Terminal 2 for arrival.
- Terminal 3 (Gates 30, 31A-31B, 32, 33A-33B, 34-36, 37A-37B, and 38): Delta and Delta Connection. Copa Airlines, Avianca, and Interjet use Terminal 3 for check-in passengers.
- Terminal 4 (Gates 40-41, 42A-42B, 43-45, 46A-46B, 47A-47B, 48A-48B, and 49A): America
- Terminal 5 (Gates 50A-50B, 51A-51B, [Gates 52A-52J is located at American Eagle Terminal], 53A-53B, 54A-54B, 55A, 56-57, 58, and 59): American, American Eagle, Allegiant Air, Frontier Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, JetBlue, Spirit Airlines, and Sun Country Airlines
- Terminal 6 (Gates 60-63, 64A-64B, 65A-65B, 66, 67, 68A-68B, and 69A-69B): Alaska Airlines, Air Canada, Air Boutique, Mokulele Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines, VivaAerobus , and XL Airways France. Ethiopian Airlines uses Terminal 6 for check-in passengers.
- Terminal 7 (70A-70B, 71A-71B, 72A-72B, 73, 74A-74B, 75A-75B, 76A-76B, and 77A-77B): Unified and Unified Express
- Terminal 8 (Gates 81, 83-88): Unite and Unite Express
- Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) (Gates 101-159): Aeroflot, Air China, Air France, Air New Zealand, Air Tahiti Nui, Alitalia, All Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, China Airlines, China Eastern, China Southern, EVA Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Iberia Airlines, Japan Airlines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, LATAM Chile, LATAM PerÃÆ'º, LOT Polish Airlines, Lufthansa , Norway Air, Philippine Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airlines, Saudia, and Scandinavian Airlines. Austrian Airlines uses TBIT for check-in passengers. Avianca, Copa Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, Interjet, Virgin Australia, and Volaris use TBIT for arrival.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
LAX connects nonstop to 101 domestic and 85 international destinations in North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. American and American Eagles operate most departures from the airport, followed by United and United Express and Southwest. American operates the largest route network from LAX serving over 70 destinations, followed by Delta (58) and United (57)
Cargo
Traffic and statistics
LAX handles more "origin and destination" passengers (not connecting) from any other airport in the world.
The airport handled 28,861,477 enplanements, the number of passengers boarded the plane, in 2008. This makes LAX the third busiest airport in the United States in terms of enplanement.
It is the fifth busiest airport in the world with passenger and fifteen-busy traffic by cargo traffic, serving more than 70.6 million passengers and 2 million tons of shipments and mails by 2014. It is the busiest airport in the state of California, and second- Airport busiest by boardings of passengers in the United States, based on final 2013 statistics.
In terms of international passengers, in 2012, LAX is the third busiest in the United States (behind JFK in New York City and MIA in Miami) and, in 2006, 26 worldwide.
The number of aircraft operations (landings and takeoffs) continues to increase to 636,706 in 2014, up from 614,917 in 2013, according to the Federal Aviation Administration. The Airports Council International puts LAX on the world's third most moving plane, in 2013.
Top domestic destinations
Top international destinations
Ground Transport
Terminal transport
The shuttle service operates to and from the terminal, providing periodic services to connect passengers. However, connecting passengers using this transport should go and then reenter security.
Air side connector
The underground tunnels connect between terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and the above ground connector between TBIT and terminal 4 opens in February 2016.
Highways and highways
The LAX terminal is just west of the intersection between Century Boulevard and Sepulveda Boulevard (State Route 1). The 405 Freeway can be reached east through Century Boulevard, and 105 Freeway can be reached south via Sepulveda Boulevard. Sepulveda Boulevard is also just below the airport runway.
Bus
The nearest bus stop to the terminal is the opposite couple on Sepulveda Boulevard and Century Boulevard, served by Metro 117, Torrance 8, Metro 232, Commuter Express 574 and Metro 40 to Los Angeles Union Station (owl service only).
In addition, from a number of bus systems, many routes (local, fast and express) from LACMTA Metro 232 to Long Beach, Line 8 Transit Torrance, Line 109 of Transit Coast Cities, Big Blue Bus Circuit Santa Monica 3 and Rapid 3 via Lincoln Boulevard to Santa Monica and Culver CityBus Line 6 and Rapid 6 via Sepulveda Blvd to Culver City and UCLA, LADOT Commuter Express 438 to Downtown LA (Monday-Friday rush hour AM), all stopping at LAX Transit Center in Parking Lot C. on 96th St., where the shuttle bus "C" offers free connections to and from every LAX terminal, and on the Green Line, where the shuttle bus "G" connects to and from the terminal.
Taiwan Airlines China Airlines operates bus services from LAX to Monterey Park and Rowland Heights. This service is only available to Chinese Airlines customers.
FlyAway Bus
The FlyAway Bus is a nonstop/nonstop shipping service run by LAWA, which provides scheduled services between LAX and Downtown Los Angeles (Union Station), San Fernando Valley (Van Nuys), West Los Angeles (Westwood), Hollywood, Long Beach, California , and Santa Monica discontinued in 2015. Irvine FlyAway is suspended on August 31, 2012. The shuttle service stops at every LAX terminal. The hours of service vary by line. All pathways use a High Residential Vehicle line regional system to accelerate their journey. Service Station Los Angeles Union and local Metro branch at night with route 40 is the only direct transportation route between the airport and Downtown Los Angeles.
Metro Rail
The "G" shuttle bus offers free connections to and from the Aviation/LAX station on the Los Angeles Metro Rail Green Line. The line was originally intended to be a driver of people to connect directly to the airport terminal, but budget restrictions and opposition from taxi owners and local parking hampered his progress and won.
LAX Train
Automatic man-drive system (APM) is a train under construction by LAWA. APM Los Angeles will have six stations and is 2.25 miles away in trips: three stations serving the central area, terminal 1-8 and Tom Bradley International Terminal. To the east, one station serves a land transportation hub called the Intermodal Transportation Facility-West along with the hotels around it. The next station will be a light 4-storey light rail station on the ground at LAX/Crenshaw Metro Line. At this station, the first level will be the second car/bus transportation facility called the East-Intermodal Transportation Facility. The second level will be the ticket. The third level is the LA Metro Station/96th Street Station and the fourth level is APM. The last stop is a rental car hub station called Consolidation Rent-A-Car-Center (CONRAC). APM is designed to reduce the need for a shuttle bus service and reduce traffic in the World Way. The three-phase project is estimated to cost $ 5.5 billion, and has a completion date of 2023. APM will have nine total trains, each operating in four sets of cars with a capacity of up to 200 passengers. The APM will operate every two minutes, with a final ten minute travel time.
As the plan is being finalized, in June 2014, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transport Authority approved a Metro 200 million filling station called Flight/96th Street under Crenshaw/LAX Line construction to connect the APM, connecting the terminal to the county railway station. system.
Los Angeles has bid for the 2024 Olympic Games in 2016 and is one of the city's two finalists, due to the declining demand to host the Olympics, the IOC awarded Los Angeles and the city of Paris with their respective Olympics, Los Angeles awarded the latter, the Olympics Summer 2028. This project will be completed on time for the 2028 Summer Olympics in 2023 because the original project completion date is in 2024 before the award. They chose to keep the original deadline. LAWA has divided the project in three phases. The project has been approved and the bidding process of construction and operation begins. Three companies bid and LAWA announced the assessment for the project will be based on "technical benefits, visual appeal, user experience and pricing". LAWA proposes public private partnerships in which private sector partners will be responsible for the construction and operation of people movers. The Los Angeles City Council grants final approval on April 11, 2018 for "Integrated Integrated LAX Solutions". The joint offer includes Bombardier Transportation manufacturer at 4.895 Billion for 30 years to build and operate.
Phase one construction
Dallas builds a commercial Austin company awarded a five-year contract to begin construction in the first quarter of 2018 in phase one of the APM project. The project consists of a bridge to connect passengers between three non-built APM stations within the World Way and its terminals. This bridge will also have toilets, Airport lounge offices, and other spaces. The project is expected to be completed by 2021, followed by phases two and three which will consist of actual person movers and from site building. In January 2018, a consortium led by Hochtief and Bombardier Transportation was chosen as the preferred developer for a $ 1.95 billion design/build/operate contract.
In early 2018, LAX is in the process of moving 2,100 parking lots in lot C to reconfigure the area for second phase construction purposes. The utility relocation will begin in the second quarter of 2018. The guiding line will see construction in early 2019, taking up to three years to complete.
Taxis and private transports
The taxi service is operated by nine official city taxi companies and is governed by Authorized Taxicab Supervision Inc. (ATS). ATS retains many taxis under the 96th Street Bridge where, at peak periods, hundreds of taxis are lining up to await their turn to enter the central terminal area to pick up passengers. A number of private shuttle companies also offer limousine and bus services to LAX Airport.
Uber and Lyft both provide travel services to and from LAX. All dropoffs and pickups occur at the top departure level. Pickup (arriving passenger) only occurs in one of the designated "rideshare sign". There are six racesare locations around the airport, labeled drivers A thru F. Lyft and Uber are not allowed in the lower arrival area, except when picking up disabled passengers requiring ADA access.
Los Angeles Coast Guard Air Station
The airport also serves as a joint civil-military facility, providing a base for the Coast Guard of the United States and the Los Angeles Air Station Coast Guard facility, operates four Dolphin HH-65 helicopters, which include Coast Guard operations at various locations in Southern California, including Catalina Island. Missions include search and rescue (SAR), law enforcement, assistance for navigation support (such as operating lighthouses) and various military operations. In addition, the Coast Guard helicopter assigned to the air station is deployed to the Coast Guard cutter.
The air station was moved on May 18, 2016 from LAX to accommodate planned improvements to the LAX midfield, including the Midfield Satellite Concourse North (MSC North) terminal. The air station was transferred to the US Navy Air Force. Mugu Point, part of Ventura County Navy Base (NBVC) in Point Mugu, California.
Fly & amp; Learning Center Museum
Flight Path Learning Center is a museum located on 6661 Imperial Highway and formerly known as "West Imperial Terminal". The building is used to accommodate several charter flights (eg Condor Airlines, Martinair Holland, World Airways) and regular flight schedules by MGM Grand Air. It sits empty for 10 years until it reopens as a learning center for LAX.
The center contains information on aviation history, some airport images, as well as airplane scale models, flight attendant uniforms, and general aviation memorabilia such as playing cards, china, magazines, signs, even TWA gate information sign. The museum also offers school tours and guest speaker programs.
The museum's library contains a collection of rare items such as aircraft magazines, technical manuals for military and civilian planes, industry magazines from World War II and earlier, historic photos and other valuable references to aircraft operations and manufacturing..
The museum is exhibited "The Spirit of Seventy-Six," which is DC-3 (DC-3-262, Serial No. 3269). After being in a commercial airline service, it served as a company aircraft for the Union Oil Company for 32 years. The aircraft was built at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Santa Monica in January 1941, which is a major producer of commercial and military aircraft.
The museum claims to be "the only aviation museum and research center located at the main airport and the only facility with a major emphasis on civil aviation contributions to the history and development of Southern California." There are other museums in major airports, however, including the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum adjacent to Washington Dulles Airport, Royal Royal Air Force Museum at Don Mueang Airport, Suomen ilmailumuseo (Finland Aviation Museum) in Helsinki -Vantaa Airport, Frontiers of Flight Museum at Dallas Love Field, Tulsa Air and Space Museum & amp; Planetarium at Tulsa International Airport and more.
Other facilities
The airport has the administrative office of Los Angeles World Airport.
Continental Airlines once had its corporate headquarters at the airport property. At a 1962 press conference at Los Angeles Mayor Sam Yorty's office, Continental Airlines announced that it planned to move its headquarters to Los Angeles in July 1963. In 1963, the Continental Airlines headquarters moved into a two-story, $ 2.3 million building at the base of the airport. The July 2009 Continental Magazine states that the move "underscores Continental Airlines's western and Pacific orientation". On July 1, 1983, the airline's headquarters was moved to the American Tower in the Neartown area of ​​Houston.
In addition to Continental Airlines, Western Airlines and Flying Tiger Line also have their headquarters in LAX.
Accidents and incidents
LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX. These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of enormous passenger aircraft.
These improvements include:
- new cross taxifield
- New large aircraft gate at Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT)
- TBIT core upgrade
- New Midfield Satellite Field
- The replacement of the Central Utility Plant
- Terminal and Platform Repair
LAWA also plans to build and operate 24-hour automated person drivers. This small train will include three stations in the central terminal area and three outside the east of the terminal at the hub of a new intermodal transportation facility, connecting passengers between the central terminal area and the Green Line Metro, the future Metro Crenshaw/LAX Line and local bus lines and rental facilities combined car.
In popular culture
Many movies and television shows have been set or filmed partly in LAX, at least partly because of the proximity of the airport with Hollywood and Los Angeles studios. Filming at Los Angeles airport, including LAX, generated $ 590 million for the Los Angeles area from 2002 to 2005.
See also
- California World War II Army Airfields
- List of airports in the Los Angeles area
- Metro
- Los Angeles Airport Police
- Peirson Mitchell Hall
References
Further reading
- Bullock, Freddy. LAX: Los Angeles International Airport (1998)
- Schoneberger, William A., Ethel Pattison, and Lee Nichols. Los Angeles International Airport (Arcadia Publishing, 2009.)
External links
- The official website of Los Angeles International Airport
- the LAneXt website
- LAX Noise Internet Tracking Management System
- Webcam LAX Airport, flight schedule & amp; experimental data
- FAA Airport Chart Ã, (PDF) , effective May 24, 2018
- Los Angeles International Airport travel guides from Wikivoyage
- Resources for this airport:
- AirNav airport information for KLAX
- ASN accident history for LAX
- FlightAware airport information and direct flight trackers
- NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
- SkyVector aeronautics graph for KLAX
- FAA current LAX delay information
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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